Ss

s
abbreviateion for second.

saddle stitch
a common method of binding booklets where the folded pages are stitched through the spine from the outside.

safe edge
an opaque strip on the blank edge of a photographic indirect stencil that is applied during exposure to provide an area for handling.

safelight
a lamp that gives light of a color that will not affect light sensitive material within a reasonable amount of time.

safety bar
an automatic cut-off device that is attached to the printing head of an automated screen printing press and stops the print cycle when contacted by the press operator.

safety cabinet
steel cabinet made with double wall construction for storage of flammable liquids in small containers.

safety can
a five-gallon or less capacity can with a self-closing spigot that relieves built-up internal pressure.

safety ink
ink that changes color or bleeds when ink eradication or water is applied, or can be erased easily.

sagger
a fired ceramic container to hold ware during firing to protect ware from the flames.

sagging
(1) the tendency of a wet, heavy ink, ink film, or a plastic to flow gravitationally on a vertical surface; (2) a firing defect characterized by bending or slumping of an article; (3) the process of heating a sheet of flat glass over a form causing it to take the shape of the form.

sail boat easel
an easel used in construction of a display involving a sail boat design.

salt glaze
a glaze produced by the reaction at elevated temperatures between a ceramic body surface and salt fumes produced in the kiln atmosphere.

sample
a small representative portion of a production run, product, or material.

sampling
the process of collecting statistical data or print samples from a production run for analysis.

sampling rate
the number of points of data, in pixels per inch, that are created by a scanner per linear distance; also refer to optical sampling rate.

sandblast
a process of decorating glass or wood by using an air dirven abrasive.

sand wash
a chemical or mechanical process where dye is removed from a garment with the use of acid to create a speckled look.

sandwich
the combining of films in register and securing them together.

sans serif
letters that do not have small spurs or extensions at the terminals, such as a Gothic typeface.

saponification number
the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify one gram of oil.

saponin
a glucoside capable of reducing surface tension and produceing a soapy lather.

satin etch
(1) a very smooth surface with low or dull reflection properties; (2) a material that is applied to glass surface then fired or cured to simulate acid etching.

satin stitch
closely placed stitches, similar to zig-zag except they alternate between straight and angular stitches of varying length and density.

saturated solution
a liquid containing the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in the liquid at a certain temperature.

saturation
(1) equals chroma; a measurement of the degree of pureness or movement away from gray; (2) the greatest degree of vapor that ambient air can hold at a certain temperature; (3) the greatest degree of concentration of a solute in a solution or solvent; (4) referred to as chroma in Munsell System.

sawtooth
a stairstep appearance on the edges of a screen print; the effect of stencil material that conforms to the threads of a screen printing mesh rather than the contours of the design on the film positive from which the stencil is produced. (Both insufficient bridging and filling-in of the meshes produces a notched effect where lines of the design cross the fabric mesh diagonally).

SBQ photopolymer
an emulsion with salt sensitizer (SBQ) that is linked to the polyvinylacetate (PVA) during manufacture.

scale
(1) printed range of values on a measurement instrument divided into either mathematical or logarithmic increments; (2) instrument for measuring by weight; also called a balance; (3) proportion between the dimensions of the original art and its reproduction. size.

scaling wheel
refer to proportion scale.

scalloped lock
a lock for connecting a hinged display member to a stationary part.

scamp
a sketch of a design showing the basic concept.

scan
the process of translating a image from artwork or transparency into digital information; the sequential examination or exposure of a character or image with a moving light beam.

scan linearity
the degree to which a plot of scanned reflectance or transmittance vs. absolute reflectance or transmittance is a straight line. Deviations in this plot either above or below a straight line represent tones that are recorded by the scanner as too light or too dark.

scanner
a hardware peripheral that illuminates, reads, and converts original information into digital data.

scarf
a joint formed by stripping or bolting two notched pieces together.

scatter diagram
an x-y chart that measures the relationship between two sets of variables.

scattering
the process by which light passing through a material is redirected in mant directions.

scattering coefficient
rate of increase of reflection over an ideally black backing, caused by the internal scatter of light in the surface of the paper that is not completely opaque.

scavenging
in the printing of solder paste through etched metal masks, this occurs where the flexible squeegee blade presses down into the open stencil cavity, with the result of scraping solder paste out of the stencil rather than depositing the desired thickness onto the substrate.

Schopper tester
a testing instrument used to measure the folding endurance of a paper; also refer to MIT tester.

scleroscope
a device to measure Shore hardness consisting of a small conical hammer fitted with a diamond point and acting in a glass tube. The hammer strikes the material and the degree of rebound is noted on a graduated scale.

scoop coater
a tool for coating screen printing mesh with liquid photosensitive emulsion; a tool typically a scrapper with a smooth metal trough used to spread thin layers of direct emulsion on a prestretched mesh.

score
(1) to press or crease a substrate with a dull or blunt edge to facilitate folding along a predetermined line; (2) the slitting of the liner paper at intervals to permit easier release of the pressure sensitive film.

Scotchlite®
trade name of the 3M Company for a reflective sheet material used for outdoor applications.

scratch test
a ink adhesion test that involves placing a printed sample on a hard, smooth surface and scratching it with a fingernail using quite heavy pressure to determine if the ink imprint will flake off the surface.

screen
(1) an assembly of stretched screen printing mesh on a frame with stencil attached, ready for printing; (2) a transparent glass sheet placed before the camera film when photographing continuous tone art to produce dot structure of the design; another type is produced photographically on film with vignette dots which is placed in contact with the film.

screenability
a characteristic of how difficult or easy it is to print an ink, paste, or coating through the screen.

screen angles
the coordinated placement of screens to avoid moiré patterns.

screen carriage
the mechanism that holds the screen in the printing device. screen cutting
the wear and/or cutting from the substrate side of the screen mesh or stencil by rough or sharp substrate edges.

screen distance
the distance a halftone screen is set in front of the ground glass in a process camera to bring the dot structure into proper focus.

screen fabric
refer to screen mesh.

screen frequency
the number of lines or dots per centimeter or inch on a half tone screen.

screen gauge
a device for determining the screen ruling used in a printed halftone negative or positive.

screen holder
the fittings or clamps where a screen printing frame is attached to a screen printing press or manual screen printing unit.

screen knuckle
the area of overlap in woven screen mesh.

screen opener
a chemical, usually aerosol that is used to dissolve ink that has clogged the open areas of the stencil.

screening
the conversion of continuous tone copy to halftone copy.

screening in continuous tone
screen printing with several colors of ink, or inks of several densities of hue that have been mechanically blended on the printing screen so that one will blend smoothly without demarcation line into the next, producing evenly graduated tones without the use of halftone screens.

screen ink
a printing ink, usually quick drying, full bodied and specifically formulated for screen printing.

screen marks (mesh marks)
impression left by the mesh in the surface of the screen printed ink film.

screen mesh
(1) a woven material of synthetic polyester, nylon fiber, or finely drawn wire; (2) a woven mesh material used to hold the stencil in screen printing.

screen printing
a through printing process where the print areas of the printing form are open in sieve like fashion.

screen printing plate (printing screen, image carrier)
a frame or supporting device onto which is stretched and attached a mesh having open space in the areas of the mesh representing a design to be printed.

screen process printing
an obsolete term, now referred to as screen printing.

screen proper
the stencil portion of a printing screen.

screen range
the density difference between the highlight and shadow areas of copy that a halftone screen can produce.

screen reclamation
the process of removing the stencil from the mesh, so a new stencil can be applied.

screen ruling
the number of lines per centimeter or per linear inch in a halftone screen.

screen seepage
a leakage of ink through the open areas of the stencil when the printing action is stopped for a prolonged period of time.

screen stability
the ability of the stencil to print for a prolonged period without breaking down.

screen tint
a halftone film that has dots of uniform size and density across its surface; also refer to halftone tint.

screen value
the number of lines per square centimeter or square inch on any halftone, tint, or four-color separation. (The higher the screen value, the finer the screen and the more detail will be reproduced).

screen washer
a unit where printing screens can be rinsed to remove ink residue, or be reclaimed completely by removing the stencil.

screen working temperature
the temperature at which a heated printing screen is maintained while printing with thermoplastic inks.

scribing
to mark with a sharp pointed tool to make linesor other image.

scrim
a strong cloth of cotton or linen, canvas-like weave, coated or uncoated, used on banner edging as a support material.

scuffing
to mar the surface by scraping or rubbung.

scuff resistance
the ability of a dried ink film or substrate surface to withstand rubbing abrasion.

scum
(1) the slimy, colorless or nearly colorless residue that blocks the open areas of the printing screen when improper or incomplete wash out of the stencil occurs; (2) a cloudy or frosted appearance defect found on precious metal, bright surface of glaze, gloss, or porcelain enamel; (3) a dried skin that forms on the surface of stored ink.

sealed substrate
a porous substrate with a face coating designed to inhibit absorption.

sealer
liquid, solution, coating, or other material used for blocking-out unwanted holes or open areas of a printing screen, preventing ink from being forced through the screen mesh during the printing operation; also refer to blockout.

sealer coat
refer to barrier coat.

seam
an imperfection in joint of glass or mold mark on an article.

seamless nickel printing screen
a seamless, self-supporting all nickel printing stencil made by coating a metal base sheet with photosensitive material, exposing through the film negative, processing to eliminate the coating in the areas to be blocked in the stencil, then electroplating with pure nickel, to a thickness of just a few mils. After plating, the nickel is stripped from the base metal, and adhered to metal frame with epoxy cement, then stretched with wedges, making the printing screen complete. Letter centers and other unattached elements are secured by a fabric of nickel obtained by sandwiching a cross-hatch gravure screen as fine as 150 line in with the film negative at the time of exposure. No supporting fabric is required as with the conventional screen printing stencil.

seasoning
a process of bringing the temperature and/or moisture content of a material to printing room levels before printing.

second
a level of quality used to describe an irregular garment.

secondary color
(1) the subtractive primaries cyan, magenta, and yellow; (2) color obtained by mixing theoretically equal parts of any two primaries such as orange from red and yellow, green from yellow and blue, and violet from red and blue.

secondary standard
all standards other than primary standards.

second surface
the back or reverse side of a substrate.

seed
an extremely small gaseous inclusion in glass.

seediness
a defect in a varnish caused by small particles that sometimes become visible when examined by transmitted light like a specked or sandy appearance.

Segar cones
refer to pyrometric cones.

selective texturing
to create special effects on a matte or gloss film.

selective transparency
a process ink that absorbs certain parts of the color spectrum while reflecting others.

self-adhesive product
(1) a pressure sensitive material; (2) converted pressure-sensitive decal or product protected by a release liner.

self-extinguishing
capable of burning when in contact with a flame, but incapable of burning when flame is removed.

self-locking spacer
a part used in attaching cut-out to display background.

self-solvent
an ink formulated with the ability to dissolve dry films of itself by rewetting.

self-stretching frame (self-stretching chase)
proper term is retensionable frame, frame is not actually self stretching; refer to retensionable frame.

self-stripping punch
a tool for punching holes in display stock that automatically removes the waste from the punched hole.

self-tensioning frame
proper term is retensionable frame, frame is not actually self tensioning; refer to retensionable frame.

selvage
the edge of woven fabric that is finished to prevent fraying of the threads.

semi-automatic flatbed press
a screen printing press where the machine motion is automatic, the substrate is printed against a flat base plate, and the substrate is loaded and unloaded manually.

semi-automatic machine
equipment where the machine operation is automatic but the substrate is loaded and unloaded manually.

semiconductor
a solid material such as silicon or germanium with conductive capacity intermediate between an insulator and a good conductor such as soft copper. (Both active and passive elements may be formed on a single semi-conductor crystal).

semi-viscous
a partially vitrified ware that has a degree of continuous porosity that is able to absorb water.

sensitivity
the degree of response of a photographic material to light.

sensitivity guide
a continuous tone gray scale with numbered steps used to control exposure; also refer to gray scale.

sensitized emulsion
emulsion for making a direct method screen printing stencil to which a photo sensitizer has been added.

sensitized screen
a printing screen, the mesh that is coated with sensitized emulsion.

sensitizer
(1) a photosensitive chemical, usually potassium bichromate, aluminum bichromate, or diazonium compounds used for sensitizing photographic screen printing stencil films or emulsions; (2) a chemical added to a liquid emulsion to make it harden when exposed to ultraviolet light; (3) any chemical substance or mixture that causes a substantial number of persons to develop a hypersensitive reaction upon re-exposure to the chemical substance or mixture, through an allergic bodily reaction.

sensitometer
a device that measures the relative sensitivity of photographic materials to light.

separation negative
a photographic negative that has been imaged with a black-white record of one of the colors to be printed.

separation
refer to color separation.

sepia
a brownish tinted photographic print.

seps
abbreviation for separations.

sequence of colors
the order that the various colors in a multicolor print are applied.

sequential interpolation
line replication of pixels.

serializing
to consecutively number a series of items.

sericulture
the cultivation or raising of silk worms for the production of natural silk fiber.

serif
short cross-lines at the ends of the main strokes in a Roman type face.

serigrapher
an artist who produces fine art originals or reproductions in limited editions by using screen printing techniques.

serigraphy
(1) the act of reproducing fine art originals by using screen printing techniques; (2) denotes the fine arts reproduction phase of the screen printing industry.

set
(1) to convert into fixed or hardened state by chemical or physical action; (2) the flow property of glaze or enamel slip, affects rate of drain, residual thickness, and uniformity of coating.

set off
the accidental transfer of ink from a printed substrate to the back of a subsequent sheet; also referred to as offsetting.

set point
the temperature that a controller is set to control a system.

setting of ink
the initial drying stage wherein a printed substrate, though not fully dry, can be handled without smudging.

settling-out
the separation of solid constituents from a liquid.

settling tank
a holding area for waste water, where heavier particles sink to the bottom.

set-up
(1) refer to make ready; (2) the installation of point of purchase material at destination and location.

set-up time
the physical time required to completely set-up a job for production.

SGIA
acronym for Specialty Graphic Imaging Association International, headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia USA.

sgraffito
a pottery or enamel decorating method where an image is scratched through the top glaze surface to expose a contrasting fired surface underneath.

shade
(1) a hue; the extent that a color is mixed with black; (2) the brigtness or luminance of an image when compared to a gray scale.

shaded effect
the darkening of color areas by the addition of black printed through a fine halftone screen or by using a Benday screen; refer to Benday.

shading sheets
transparent sheet and special sheet bearing visible or latent patterns of lines, dots, or designs, used to obtain shading and halftone effect in photographic positives or negatives.

shadow
the darkest areas of a design, illustration, or photograph; a shaded area.

shadow detail
subtle features in the darker part of an image.

shadow dot
the smallest dots in a halftone negative, or the coarsest or largest in the positive or print.

shadow point
the darkest tone printable in an image without being black.

sharpen
to make or become sharp or sharper.

sharp fire
combustion with excess air and a short flame.

sharp image
an image where every detail is accurately defined with respect to the original copy or subject; an image with accurate definition of lines and without distorted or fuzzy edges.

sharpness
the line and halftone resolution of detail in an image.

sharpening
(1) a picture enhancement that creates more distinct borders, areas, lines, or tones: (2) scanner option that empashizes detail by increasing the contrast of the boundries between light and dark areas of an image.

sharpening filters
a series of digital processes or algorithms that enhance the sharpness of an image.

shear
(1) an action or stress resulting from applied forces that causes or tend to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relative to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact; the relative movement of adjacent layers in a liquid or plastic during flow; (2) a cutting machine for trimming plastic, laminate, or printed circuit board.

shear adhesion
measure of internal strength of an adhesive; i.e. "cohesive" strength.

shear force
the internal force acting along a plane between two adjacent parts of a material when two equal forces, parallel to that plane, act on each part in opposite directions.

shearing strain
a measure of angular distortion.

shear mark
a scar-like imperfection found on some glassware from the cooling action of the shears in cutting the hot glob of glass from the extruder.

shear modulus
the ratio of the shear stress and the angular shear distortion.

shear strength
the shear force required to break a specimen divided by its cross sectional area; the force being applied parallel to the cross section area.

shear stress
where normal stress is perpendicular to the designated plane, shear stress is parallel to the plane.

shear-thickening
a phenomenon observed in dilatant fluids where viscosity increases as shear stress increases.

shed
the open area between warp and weft threads through which a shuttle is passed during weaving.

sheen
refer to specular gloss.

sheet
a single piece of paper or other material that is thicker than 254 micrometers (0.010 inches).

sheet caliper
the thickness of a substrate.

sheeter
a device on a printing press or converting machine to convert continuous roll lengths into smaller sheet units.

sheet fed
to mechanically pick-up and place separate sheets of a substrate into a press at predetermined intervals.

sheeting
a device to cut stock from continuous roll to individual sheets.

sheet matching
an accurate line-up from sheet to sheet, both vertically and horizontally, when either printing or posting an outdoor poster.

shelf easel
a display easel that forms and supports a shelf out of a flat display front.

shelf life (storage life)
the period of time a product can be stored under specified conditions and still remain suitable for use; refer to age resistance and pot life.

shelf lock
a lock used in the construction of display shelves.

shelf-talker
small sign affixed to the edge of a display shelf.

shell cup
a device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid.

shellac
an alcohol-soluble natural resin.

shingling
an allowance made during pastup or image assemby to compensate for creep.

shielding
protection of a unit or switch from electrical signal interruption.

shooting
to expose photographic film or photostencil materials to light.

Shore A
a hardness reading of an elastomer or other flexible material with a durometer on a scale from 0 to 100.

Shore D
a hardness reading of a rigid or semirigid material with a durometer on a scale of 0 to 100.

Shore hardness
a scale for measuring the indentation hardness of the material as determined by tests made with a durometer gauge or scleroscope, a higher number indicates greater hardness. (Consists of a ball for deflection or pin point for depression into the material, which is at least 100 mils thick - Instrument manufactured by Shore Instrument Manufacturing Co., Jamaica, New York USA).

shoreline
defect characterized by a series of rings or lines (similar to lines produced by receding water on seashore) in an enamel.

short exposure time
duration of exposure that is not as long in minutes, seconds, or other units of time measurement as accepted standard.

shorting pad
conductive dots or printed pads that operate to close a circuit.

short
mixtures of ink with low flow characteristics.

short ink
a printing ink that does not flow freely, and typically has a high yield value; typically described as buttery in consistency.

short run
screen printing production run that requires less than the average number of imprints usually produced.

short stitch filter
a digitizing program that eliminates stitches shorter than a predetermined length to reduce thread breakage.

short-term exposure limit (STEL). ACGIH-recommended exposure limit, maximum concentration to which workers can be exposed for a short period of time (15 minutes) for only four times throughout the day with at least one hour between exposures.

short ton
a unit of weight equal to 0.907 metric ton or 2000 pounds avoirdupois.

short wave infrared
wavelengths of between 0.76 and 2 microns that are typically reflected by light substrates and penetrated by darker colors.

showcard
an interior card that is printed on card stock with a standard size of 71.1 x 111.8 cm (28 x 44 inches).

show through
a condition where the printing on one side of a substrate can be seen from the other side when viewed by reflected light; also refer to transparency.

shrinkage
to become reduced in size.

shrink mark
a defect in a molded plastic part where the surface has retracted from the mold interface.

shute wire
in wire cloth, those wires that run across the width of the metal woven mesh, comparable to the weft threads in synthetic mesh.

shutter, camera
a device that controls time and amount of light that acts on sensitive material.

shuttle
(1) the device in a loom that carries the weft thread through the shed from one side of the web to the other; (2) the lower thread or bobbin in a sewing machine.

SI Systeme International d’Units (International System of Units)
(1) an abbreviation for Standard International Metric System, the name given to the metric system of units; (2) acroynm for silicone plastic.

SIC
acroynm for Standard Industrial Classification (US) no longer in use, replaced by North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS).

side clamp
a screen holding device on a textile printing press that secures the printing screen by clamping it on the sides rather than one end.

side heading
a sub-heading set flush into the text at the left edge.

side hinged pocket
a pocket that is attached to a display on one side only.

side stitch
a binding method by stapling individual pages together through the top of the stack.

side wire
to attach sheets on the side near the backbone.

sienna
a reddish variety of iron or magnesium oxide used as a pigment.

signal to noise ratio
the ratio of usable signal to unusable noise in a scan.

sign board
paperboard made of wood pulp, and reclaimed paper stock, usually 0.51 to 1.02 mm (0.020 to 0.040 inch) in caliper that is white patent-coated or clay-coated, and is treated for water resistance.

signcloth
textile material, usually cotton, of very close weave, ordinarily impregnated with a sizing to seal the porosity so the surface will accept hand lettering or screen printing with feather edging or blurring.

sign paper
an outdoor/indoor sign and poster material, generally made of bleached wood pulp and surface sized or treated; normal basis weights are 90, 100 or 110 pounds with rigidity, light fastness, water resistance, and fair strength.

silhouetting
a mask or image blocking that isolates an image from the background.

silica
a white or colorless crystalline compound occurring in quartz, sand, flint, agate, and many other minerals, used in glass manufacture and in some instances glass decorating colors.

silica aerogel
an almost pure silica used as a bodying agent in ink.

silicone
a polymer of organo-siloxane, used as an ink additive that aids in flow out.

silicone rubber
made from silicone elastomers noted for its retention of flexibility, resilance, and tensile strength over a wide temperature range.

silk
a natural fiber with the high tensile strength produced by silk worms used in the manufacture of multifilament threads for use in weaving fine textiles and screen printing mesh.

silking
a parallel hairlike marking that occurs in a coating.

silk manifold
the paper from which outdoor poster stencils are cut.

silk screen
archaic designation; refer to printing screen.

silk screen process (silk screen printing)
archaic designation, now obsolete; refer to screen printing.

silver bromide
a pale yellow crystalline compound that turns black on exposure to light used as light sensitive component in photographic film.

silver chloride
a white granular powder that turns dark on exposure to light.

silver halide
a silver salt such as silver chloride, silver bromide, or silver iodide suspended in a gelatin used in photographic film production.

silver iodide
pale yellow oderless powder that darkens on exposure to light.

silver ink
specially prepared suspension of finely milled silver particles in a variety of resin systems, used to produce conductive pattern on flexible and rigid substrate; refer to aluminum ink.

silver nitrate
a light sensitive compound that forms the base of all other silver compounds in photographic sensitizers.

silver recovery
the method of reclaiming silver thiosulfate from used fixing baths in photoprocessing, thereby reducing water effluent pollution and conserving a natural resource.

silver thiosulfate
a compound formed when silver nitrate photo emulsion is dissolved by thiosulfate in a fixer.

simple pocket
a display pocket that has a lock in the bottom.

simplex decal paper
a single sheet of heavy paper that has been coated with a water soluable adhesive used for decals smaller than 23 x 23 cm (9 x 9 inches); (2) temporary support sheet for a water slide decal prior to application.

simulated process color
a special computer and camera effect that creates a full color process look by using posterization and grayscale techniques.

single coated
a stock that has been coated on one side; refer to C1S.

single pole single throw (SPST)
a normal circuit configuration for a membrane switch.

single wing easel
refer to chair easel.

sink mark
a depression or dimple found on the surface of an injection-molded part.

single knit
cloth constructed on a circular knitting machine with only one set of needles.

sinkage
the blotchy effect caused by sinking in of an applied ink to a printed substrate with a porous surface.

sinter
a glass material or mixture fired to less than complete fusion, resulting in a coherent mass.

sintering
the formation of a solid mass by firing to fusion, but without complete vitrification.

size
(1) cuting paper stock to required size; (2) to coat a paper stock with a clear sealing agent to inhibit absorption of ink; (3) a material applied to fabrics to stiffen the cloth and inhibit absorbency.

sizing
chemicals mixed with pulp that makes paper less able to absorb moisture.

sizing standard
a standard range of dimensions, capacities, or weights used by all manufacturers.

sixteen sheet
a poster measuring 3050 mm x 2030 mm (120 x 80 inches).

skeleton black
the black film positive used in process printing to print only the shadow areas, but not sufficient for use in UCR or achromatic reproduction.

sketch
a rough drawing on any kind of paper, usually in pencil or felt marker, primarily to convey the idea of the projected design.

skew
occurs when a squeegee travels with its lengthwise dimension at an angle that is not perpendicular to the direction of its travel; also referred to as snowplow.

skid
(1) a wooden platform usually about 20.3 cm high (8 inches) supported by runners length-wise of the construction with heavy lumber crosswise; also referred to as a pallet; (2) any quantity of stock packed on a moveable platform.

skinning
a thin layer of dried ink that forms on top of a stored ink.

SKU
retail inventory term for stock-keeping unit.

SL
one of common designations for monofilament screen mesh thickness, means very fine.

slide
a 35mm transparency.

slide arm machine
the heating element of a heat transfer machine that slides away from the lower platen.

sliding latch lock
a lock used for set-up of folded display parts.

slip
a slurry containing clay minerals.

slip coating
a ceramic material or mixture other than glaze that is applied to a ceramic body and fired.

slipping
a defect that occurs during firing where the decoration slides from its original printed position down the side of the ware.

slip sheet
inexpensive sheet of waxed or treated paper placed between finished decals to prevent them from adhering to one another during shipment.

slit
(1) to cut paper using a disk or wheel; (2) to cut through the backing sheet or release liner of a decal to facilitate removal; (3) a cut through any sheet material for any purpose to indicate a separation line or to permit the escape of air if the sheet is closely contacted with another true surface.

slitter
a web cutting device that is mounted on a rewinder or other machine for cutting large parent rolls into narrower widths.

slitting
the reduction of a sheet or roll material by making parallel cuts along one dimension in order to form sheets or strips with less width.

sliver
a loose, untwisted strand of fibers that is removed after carding of fabric.

slow scan direction
the raster direction along which successive lines of pixels are arrayed perpendicular to the fast scan direction.

slug
(1) a strip of metal usually 6 point used for spacing in type composition; (2) one solid piece of line type.

slur
(1) a blur or smear in a print caused by movement at the moment of printing; (2) undesirable phenomenon of halftone dots becoming slightly elongated during printing.

slurry
a concentration of solid particles and rheological modifiers in water.

slush molding
a method for casting thermoplastic where the resin in liquid form is poured into a hot mold where a viscous skin forms.

SM
acroynm for surface mount.

small quantity generator (SQG)
in the US a firm that produces less than 100 kg (2200 lbs) of hazardous waste in a calendar month.

SMD
acroynm for surface mount device.

smearing
the overspreading of ink into non image area.

smelt
to melt or fuse.

SMOBC
acroynm for solder mask over bare copper.

smoothness
flatness of a surface free from projections or irregularities of the surface; to make flat or even.

SMT
acroynm for surface mount technology.

smudge resistance
the ability of a freshly printed surface to resist ink blurring or smearing.

SNAP
acroynm for specifications for non-heatset advertising printing.

snap distance
the distance between the mesh of the screen and the substrate surface.

snap lock
a device used for holding display parts, usually a notched tab that snaps into desired set-up position.

snap-off
(1) the ease that the mesh peals off the substrate as the print stroke is made; (2) a mistake that occurs when a textile substrate is unevenly pulled off a platen too quickly resulting in a misprint due to uncured ink touching unprinted parts of the garment.

SNG
abbreviation for synthetic natural gas.

snipe
printed sheet of copy or graphics that is posted over an existing outdoor poster.

snowplow
refer to skew.

soak period
the time the ware remains at peak temperature.

soda lime glass
most common glass manufactured made from a combination of sand, limestone, and sodium carbonate.

sodium meta periodate
an oxidizer that breaks down the chemical bond of most screen emulsions and is the chief active ingredient in most screen reclaiming solutions.

soft
a vitreous enamel that is fusible at a comparatively low temperature.

soft dot
a film halftone dot that is not completely opaque over its entire area and may have unsharp edges.

softening point
the temperature where a plastic begins to melt or deform with no externally applied force.

softening temperature
the temperature where enamel or frit begins to flow.

soft finish paper
paper stock that has not been treated on the surface to provide a higher sheen or to reduce absorption.

soft fire
a flame with an air deficiency.

soft hand
the degree of print softness in a textile after printing; a textile print with a soft feel.

soft hand additive
an extender base added to plastisol ink to produce better flow characteristics and a softer feel to the cured print.

soft proof
viewing a digital image with a monitor instead of generating a hard copy proof.

soft water
water containing less than 40 parts per million of calcium carbonate.

sol
abbreviation for solution; soluble.

solarization
(1) a change in the transmission and color of glass as a result of exposure to sunlight or other radiation; (2) to affect or harm by being exposed to extraneous light.

solder mask
refer to solder resist.

solder resist
a coating applied by screen printing to a printed circuit board to prevent bridges from forming between circuits during the soldering or hot-air leveling steps in production.

solder wave
a molten composition of lead and tin (solder) that is agitated mechanically so a wave is produced on its surface over which printed circuit boards are passed to solder all connections simultaneously.

solid
(1) an area of a print that is covered uniformly and entirely with ink and contains no halftone; (2) type that is set without leads between the lines; (3) a three-dimensional geometric part.

solid bands
cuffs on a garment that are knitted to the exact width required for the neck and cuff sizes without stitching seams.

solid print
an imprint that covers a given area with an opaque color without gradations or halftone dots.

solids
the components of an ink formulation other than the vehicle that remain a part of the ink film after the drying or curing process.

solids content
the percentage weight of non-volatile components in an ink or coating.

solids state device
an individual electrical element that is solid in state or construction, and which utilizes electrical magnetic properties.

solid waste
a garbage, refuse, sludge and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial and commercial operations.

soln
abbreviation for solution.

solubilize
to render something soluble.

solute
a dissolved substance.

solution
a uniform liquid mixture that consists of a solvent or liquid and a solute, or that part which dissolves in the solvent.

solvent
a dissolving, thinning, or reducing agent.

solvent activated
an adhesive that requires the addition of a solvent to activate bonding properties.

solvent attack
an effect or change in a material when contacted by a solvent. solvent dispersion
an ink where pigment is dispersed in a solvent solution containing a solvent-soluble binding agent.

solvent-evaporating ink
ink that is dried by allowing the solvent to vaporize either in ambient or elevated temperature conditions.

solvent evaporation
vaporizing of liquid solvent, resulting in their removal from a printed film.

solvent power
refer to solvent strength.

solvent reactivation
see solvent rewettable.

solvent release
the evaporation of a solvent during ink drying.

solvent resistance
the resistance of a printed area and/or the substrate to the dissolving action of specified organic liquids.

solvent rewettable
(1) a dry ink imprint that can be changed back to the wet state by introduction of a solvent; (2) a dry film that can be rewetted and removed by saturating with solvent.

solvent strength
the ability of a solvent to dissolve materials.

SOP
acroynm for standard operating procedure.

souring
the precipitation or coagulation of the ingredients in an ink due to contamination by water or other foreign material.

soya oil (soybean oil)
a vegetable oil used in the preparation of certain ink vehicles.

spacer
the separator between switch matrices in a membrane switch.

spacer easel
an easel that positions and locks two or more vertical parts of a display into a set-up position.

SPAI
acronym for Screen Printing Association International, the former name for the Specialty Graphic Imaging Association (SGIA) headquartered in Fairfax Virginia USA.

spalling
a defect in vitreous enamel characterized by the chipping or fragmenting of the surface coating, caused by coefficient of thermal expansion or contraction.

span
the difference between the upper and lower limits of a range.

spandel
a flat glass that is sometimes decorated for architectural use.

spatial resolution
the smallest feature of an image that can be detected as a fraction of the total image.

SPC
acroynm for statistical process control.

specialty paper
papers that typically contain 25 to 100% rag, or are polymeric coated, cast coated, or are high gloss.

specific adhesion
the force required to remove a pressure sensitive decal or label from a speicifed substrate under controlled conditions.

specification
a clear and accurate description of the technical requirement for materials, products, or services; a descriptive reference or a detailed itemized description of dimensions, plans, materials, and other requirements; the document that perscribes the requirements that the product or service has to met.

specification for nonheatset advertising printing (SNAP)
a set of standards for color separation and proofing developed for printing with uncoated paper and newsprint stock (USA).

specification for web offset publications (SWOP)
a set of standards for color separation films and color proofing developed for publication printing and magazine printers.

specific gravity
(1) the weight per volume of a material compared to water, less than 1.0, the material floats, greater than 1.0 and it sinks; (2) for solids and liquids, the ratio of the density of a material to the density of an equal volume of distilled water at a specified temperature; (3) for gases, the ratio of the density of a gas to the density of air; (4) the density mass per unit volume of any material divided by that of water at the standard temperature (4ºC).

specific heat
the amount of heat required to raise a unit weight of material one degree of temperature, expressed as calories/gm/ºC or Btu/lb/ºF; ratio of material’s thermal capacity to that of water at 15ºC.

specific modulus
Young’s modulus divided by material density.

specific strength
ultimate tensile strength divided by material density.

specific viscosity
of a polymer, the relative viscosity of a solution of known concentration, minus one.

specific volume
of paper, the volume per unit mass, under specified conditions; expressed in cubic centimeters per gram.

speck
a small spot, mark, or discoloration.

specking
a black spot that appears after firing, caused from dust and lint settling on a wet decoration prior to firing.

speckle
a pixel that is abnormally lighter than the surrounding area.

spectral curve
a curve that shows the specific amount of light at each wavelength transmitted by or reflected from a material, describing it just as the spectral energy distribution curve describes a source of light. (A fingerprint of a color).

spectral energy distribution curve
the amount of relative energy or light of a specific light source, emitted at each wavelength plotted against the wavelength of visible light (380 Nm to 760 Nm).

spectral highlight
the brightest white possible on a film or substrate.

spectral reflectance
the relative amount of light reflected from a surface.

spectral sensitivity
the relationship between the radiant sensitivity and the wavelength of the incident light.

spectral transmittance
the reflected light bands effected during radiation curing of dispersed pigments, (directly) affecting the absorption of radiation of the ink dispersion.

spectrodensitometer
a spectually based densitometer that combines the functions of a spectrophotometer, colorimeter, and densitometer.

spectrogram
a diagram showing the relative sensitivity of a photographic material to different wavelengths or colors of light.

spectrophotometer
photometric device for the measurement of spectral transmittance, spectral reflection, or relative spectral emittance.

spectro-radiometer
a device for determining the distribution and intensity of radiation, especially infrared.

spectrum
spatial arrangement of components of radiant energy in order of their wavelengths, wave number, or frequency.

spectrum colors
the arrangement of colors side by side as refracted by a prism; all of the individual colors present in sunlight which are visible on separating sunlight into the various wavelengths with a prism (red, orange, yellow, blue, green and violet).

spectrum electromagnetic
the entire range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from gamma rays to the longest radio wave includes visible spectrum.

spectrum visible
the range of wavelengths of the elctromagnetic spectrum from 400 to 700 nanometers.

specular gloss
the ratio of reflected to incident light at specified angles of incidenc, such as 20 degrees, 60 degrees, and 85 degrees.

spewing
the rising of incompatible components to the surface of a coating.

sp gr
abbreviation for specific gravity.

spin art
a method of garment decoration where the ink is distributed by centifugal force.

spine
that part of an easel that is glued to the display; also refer to backbone.

spiral binding
a book bound with wires in spring form inserted through holes punched along the binding side.

spit out
a glaze defect similar to a pinhole caused from minute gas bubbles escaping from the body or glaze.

splice
to unite or join.

split
(1) to divide or separate.

split back (back slit, split liner)
a slice in a release liner to facilitate removal of the decal.

split back pattern
a dimensional layout pattern of a series of slits in the release liner of pressure sensitive label stock.

split face
a slit in the face of pressure sensitive product to facilitate removal from the liner.

split fountain
a process of blending adjacent quantities of different colors in the screen, producing a muti-colored gradated print with one squeegee stroke.

SPM
acroynm for stitches per minute.

spot coating
a clear coating, where the applied coating material is confined to certain area on the substrate.

spot color
color that is printed as a solid area in a design.

spot cure
refer to flash cure.

spot varnish
to coat specific portions of a sheet with a clear coat.

spotting
retouching a processed photographic print with pencil or brush using water color or dye to eliminate spots left by dust on the negative.

spray adhesive
aerosol adherent used to hold a textile to the platen during printing.

spread
a camera process whereby images are made bigger without changing their general shape or positioning.

spreading
a thickening or enlarging of a printed area caused by bleeding or lateral penetration of ink.

spreading rate
the area covered by a unit volume of printing ink or varnish, expressed in square feet per gallon.

SPST
acroynm for single pole single throw.

SPTF
acronym for Screen Printing Technical Foundation, headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia USA.

spud
an orfice, used in high pressure gas mixers to pre-select the desired rate of fuel usage.

spunbonding
a sheet or web formed by random distribution of very fine continuous fibers that are bonded by heat and pressure such as Tyvek® banner material.

sq
abbreviation for square.

SQC
acroynm for statistical quality control.

SQG
acroynm for small quantity generator.

square centimeter
a unit of measure of area in the metric system where each side of a square equals a centimeter and is equivalent to 0.155 square inches; abbreviation cm².

square dot
a halftone dot pattern where the dots are square like a checkerboard.

square foot
a unit of measure of area where each side of a square is equal to a foot and is equivalent to 144 square inches; abbreviation ft².

square inch
a unit of measure of area where each side of a square is equal to an inch and is equivalent to 6.452 square centimeters; abbreviation in².

square meter
a unit of measure of area in the metric system where each side of a square is equal to a meter and is equivalent to 0.84 square yards; abbreviation m².

square root
a quantity whose square equals a given quantity such as as 3 is the square root of 9; a number of quantity when squared, or multiplied by itself will produce a given number of quantity; symbol Ã.

square yard
a unit of measure of area where each side of a square is equal to a yard and is equivalent to 9 square feet; abbreviation yd².

squeegee
a blade used to force ink through the openings of a screen printing stencil when in contact with a substrate; (2) a small plastic device used to burnish down self adhesive vinyl.

squeegee angle
(1) an angle formed by the near-vertical axis of the squeegee and the plane of the screen, measured when the squeegee is in print position, but with no applied force or movement; also refer to angle of attack.

squeegee carriage
a mechanism or device that holds the squeegee at the proper angle for printing.

squeegee holder
that part of a screen printing press or manual screen printing unit to which the squeegee is attached for printing.

squeegee oil
a mixing medium in liquid form of organic material used as a vehicle in direct printing paste.

squeegee paste
a mixture of squeegee oil and finely divided inorganic materials compounded for screen printing on glass.

squeegee pickup
refer to stop gap.

squeegee pressure
the force exerted by the squeegee on the printing screen to bring it into contact with the substrate and press ink through the open screen apertures.

squeegee printing edge
that corner or edge of the squeegee blade that contacts the mesh to force the ink through the stencil.

squeegee profile
the cross-sectional shape of the squeegee blade.

squeegee sharpener
a mechanical device to restore sharpness to a squeegee edge.

SRA
a paper size in the series of ISO international paper sizes, slightly larger than the A series, allowing the printer extra space for bleed.

SRM
acroynm for standard reference material.

s/s
abbreviation for same side.

stability
to resist sudden change.

stabilizer
chemicals used in plastic formulations to assist in maintaining physical and chemical properties during and after processing; an additive that acts to prevent or limit changes in the physical properties of a substance during processing or product life.

stage connector
a display part used in stage-like constructions.

stagnation pressure
the sum of the static and dynamic pressures of a fluid.

stain
(1) to discolor or blemish; (2) to color or dye by penetration.

stainless steel screen
printing screen made of woven stainless steel mesh, also referred to as wire cloth.

stairsteps
refer to sawtooth.

stamping
to impress forcibly or permanently; also refer to hot stamping.

stamping die
a die used for foil stamping.

standard
a acceptable measure of comparison for quantitative and qualitative value.

standard colormetric observer
an entity described by the CIELAB color model consisting of three spectral sensitivity curves called color matching functions.

standard condition
the condition of a test specimen that has attained equilibrium under specified temperature and humidity. (Usually recognized as 23 degrees C / 73 degrees F) and 50% RH).

standard designs
artwork that is readily available; clip art.

standard deviation
a measure of dispersion of a frequency distribution.

standard fading hour
a specification for the exposure of a coating to ultraviolet light under standard conditions, refer to fadeometer.

standard reference material
a physical sample that has been calibrated to an accepted primary standard or set of standards.

standby time
the period of time during which a press is ready for printing, but not producing prints; idle press time.

stand oil
term used in United Kingdom; refer to linseed oil.

star target
a quality control aid with pie shaped wedges of lines that converge to the center.

starved area
a section in a molded plastic part that has insufficient amount of resin to wet out the reinforcement completely.

starved glaze
a glaze that lacks shine from thin application or insufficient firing.

starved joint
a junction of two members that have insufficient adhesive to form a permanent bond.

static
bound electric charge on the surface of an insulating material.

static decay
time required in seconds for a charge placed on the surface of an insulating material to decay to a percentage of the original charge, performed at specified relative humidity conditions.

static electricity
a built-up electrical charge on the surface of a substrate, or other surface, usually induced by friction, and most evident under low humidity conditions.

static eliminator
equipment or device for removing or neutralizing and electrical charge.

static frame
a screen frame made of metal or wood where the mesh is tensioned separately and then attached to the frame using an adhesive; refer to rigid frame.

static shield
a printed membrane switch conductor pattern or separate aluminum or copper film used to reduce the effects of static discharge.

static pressure
pressure of a fluid whether in motion or at rest, sensed in a small hole drilled perpendicular to and flush with the flow boundaries so as not to disturb the fluid in any way.

station tension
the tension existing within a screen mesh that has been stretched taut, but without additional applied force.

statistical process control (SPC)
the application of statistical methods and techniques to the control of quality.

statistical quality control (SQC)
a process sampling and charting method for quality assurance.

Status A
the acceptance standard for reflection densitometers for measuring photographic color prints.

Status E
the acceptance standard in Europe for color reflection densitometers.

Status I
a densitometer response referrsd to as narrow band or interference type response.

Status T
a card of carefully calibrated white, black, and color patches used to check spectral (color) response of wideband reflection densitomer.

std
abbreviation for standard.

steady flow
a continous movement; one that does not vary significantly with time.

steatite
a ceramic product similar to porcelain produced by pressing or extruding a mixture of talc, special clay, flux, and a binder under pressure, air drying the product, then fusing the ingredients at a temperature of about 1316ºC (2400ºF) in a continuous tunnel lehr.

steel rule
ribbon-like metal that is formed into a desired shape to make dies for die cutting.

steel rule die
a cutting device consisting of steel knives mounted in lasercut grooves or formed in metal at 0.937 inches high and assembled on a die board 0.75 to 0.875 thick; a cutting die made by shaping ribbons of steel to desired contours.

STEL
acroynm for short term exposure limit.

stencil
the component of a printing screen that controls the contour of the design to be printed.

stencil design area
that portion of a screen printing stencil that includes only the predetermined design to be printed.

stencil mesh
refer to mesh, mesh plain, mesh twill, metal screen mesh.

stencil knife
a tool for cutting screen printing stencil film.

stencil medium
any film, emulsion, or sheet material of any kind from which a screen printing stencil can be made.

stencil silk
a mesh made from multifilament strands of silk for making printing screen; no longer used in the industry.

stencil thickness
the actual thickness of the stencil portion of a printing screen measured in mils.

stencil volume
the total volume of a single imprint segment represented by the width of aperture times length times total depth of fabric and stencil.

step and repeat
a technique of repeating a single image in accurately arranged and spaced increments, to obtain multiple copies of the same design on a single sheet.

step exposure
the progressive exposure of a piece of sensitized material by using a number of uniform increments of time to determine the correct exposure time under that given set of conditions; also refer to step test.

step test
a multiple exposure to determine correct exposure time for film or photographic emulsion.

step-wedge
a scale of density steps increasing from transparent or white to opaque or black; also refer to gray scale.

sticky-back
a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.

stiffener flange
a protruding rim, edge, or collar; (made by scoring near the edge of display part that must be bent at an angle to the face of the display to increase stability).

stiffness
(1) the measure or degree of resistance to bending stress of a sheet material; (2) high viscosity in ink formulation.

stippled finish
a pebbly textured enamel applied by a stippler brush or sponge.

stilt
a small tripod stand for holding ware during firing; also called a jax.

stochastic
a random placement dot strategy to render images.

stochastic screening
a technique to produce dot patterns that are randomly distributed; to separate an image into very fine, radomly placed microdots, rather than a grid of geometrically aligned halftone cells.

stock
paper or other material to be printed; also refer to media, substrate.

stock saver
a combination easel back and display designed from one piece.

stoddard solvent
a high flash point hydrocarbon with a good odor, and comparatively widely used for screen cleaning where inks are soluble in mineral spirit type solvents.

stone
an official British unit of weight equal to 14 pounds.

stoneware
a vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic ware of fine texture made from nonrefractory fireclay.

stop bath
an acid rinse, usually a weak solution of acetic acid, used as a second step when developing black-and-white film or paper; stops development.

stop gap
an open space in the design layout for screen printing around the circumference of a cylindrical object, prevents smearing of the previously printed area.

stop mark
mark showing a change in the density of a woven mesh caused by irregular tension on the warp threads.

stove-enamel
process of metal sign printing where each printed coat, including the clear lacquer finish, is individually oven cured for maximum durability.

stoving
the process of drying and hardening an ink coating by heating at a temperature of above 80 degrees C (175 degrees F).

straight line decorating
screen printing where the screen moves in a straight line instead of an arc when printing.

strain
the application of tension beyond normally specified limits, as in the stretching of screen printing mesh, measured by the ratio of the unit change to the original dimension.

strain gage
a measuring element for converting force, pressure, or tension into an electrical signal.

strand
(1) fibers or filaments that are twisted together; (2) a single filament, fiber, or thread.

strand size
diameter of a single filament, fiber or thread or a twisted multi-fiber measured in microns.

streak
a relatively long narrow line, mark, smear, or stripe.

streamer
a long narrow paper or plastic banner.

stream feeder
the action of an automatic feeding system where sheets are fed to a machine or press without appreciable or predetermined interruptions.

stress
the force per unit area resulting from the application of a load.

stress crack
the susceptability of a thermoplastic to crack or craze under the influence of certain chemicals, aging, weather, or other stress; small fineline, cobweb like microscopic, and larger defects found in plastic caused from tension stress or chemical attack.

stretch
(1) the degree to which a material can accommodate deforming tension; (2) the tensioning of screen printing mesh; (3) to increase the quantity of a mixture by dilution.

stretcher bars
pneumatic device for clamping to the edges of screen printing mesh in order to stretch the mesh over the frame.

stretch frame
a screen printing chase constructed so additional tension can be applied to the mesh after it is secured to the frame; also refer to retensionable frame.

stretch ink
an ink film that after printing and curing on a substrate can be stretched with the substrate and returning to its original form on release of tension.

striation
curving fine, thread-like narrow band.

strike off
a sample or proof print.

strike through
the penetration of the vehicle of a printing ink through the substrate so that the design is apparent on the opposite or back side of the substrate.

stringiness
the condition of an ink or adhesive to draw into filaments or thread-like extensions.

stripping
(1) the act of removing the stencil from screen mesh in reclaiming operation; (2) removing waste material from the support sheet after die cutting; (3) removing unwanted film from the support material of a knife-cut stencil; (4) refer to film image assembly.

stripping film
photographic film where the emulsion, after processing, can be relocated onto another support; knife-cutting film with the same capability.

stroke
(1) a single pass with the squeegee across the screen; (2) one of the lines of a written character; (3) distance from the contact surface on a switch to the current pattern on the mating contact.

stub roll (butt roll)
a web roll remnant of material that remains after processing.

styrene
a usually colorless plastic used in the manufacture of indoor and outdoor displays and signs.

sublimable dyes
a colorant that can be vaporized from a solid directly to a gaseous state by the application of heat.

sublimation
a process where dye pigments change from solid to vapor and back to solid again with the application of heat.

sublimation transfer
a process of image transfer to a fabric containing high polyester content through the application of heat and pressure.

sub-miniature
parts, components, or circuits of a size class below what is described as miniature; extremely small.

substance
(1) that which a thing is made of; matter; material; (2) designator for the weight in pounds of a ream of paper.

substance weight
refer to basis weight.

substrate
(1) a material or surface to be printed, adhered to, or finished; refer to media, stock; (2) a base material or foundation over which another material is applied.

subsurface printing
placing the image on the underside of the substrate; also refer to second surface.

subtractive color
combining two additive primaries (red, green, light blue) at 100% to produce colors of cyan, magenta, and yellow. (Green and blue at 100% produce cyan; red and blue at 100% produce magenta; green and red at 100% produce yellow); cyan, magenta, and yellow.

subtractive primary
the three colors that are used to create all other colors in color printing: cyan, magenta, and yellow.

suckers
rubber suction cups used as a gripper to feed stock into a press.

sulfide
an enamel combined with one or more atoms of sulphur.

sulphate wood pulp
paper pulp made from wood chips cooked under pressure in a solution of caustic soda and sodium sulphide.

sulphite wood pulp
paper pulp made from wood chips cooked under pressure in a solution of bisulphite of lime.

sump capacity
the ability of a container built into an etching device to hold a measurable quantity of etchant.

sunlight resistance
refer to lightfast.

sunlight resistant adhesive
an adhesive that impedes the affects of ultraviolet rays.

supercalender
a calender stack, not part of the paper machine, with alternate metal and resilient rollers for producing increased density, smoothness, and gloss on paper.

supercalendared finish
a finish obtained by passing paper through alternating rollers of extremely polished steel and cotton under pressure to create a smooth gloss finish.

suppressed spark treatment
an electrical surface treatment, similar to corona discharge, but utilizing a suppressed spark to create the corona instead of an electrical spark discharge.

surface-color-perception solid
in the Munsell color system, a cylindrical solid based on the three color perception attributes of hue, lightness and saturation.

surface mount device (SMD)
a component that is attached to the surface pad of a substrate to perform an electronic function.

surface mount technology
printed circuitry where surface mounted component leads are soldered to the top level conductors of the printed circuit board (PCB).

surface resistivity
the resistance of a surface of an insulating material to the flow of direct electrical current; the electrical resistance between opposite edges of a unit square on the surface of an insulation material express in ohm/sq.

surface tack
the force (in grams) necessary to cause separation of material or surface in contact.

surface tension
the property of a liquid that causes the surface to pull into the smallest area for maximum volume; measured in dynes/cm.

surface treatment spray
silicone, wax, or stearate applied to glass surface to increase scratch resistance and reduce breakage, applied as glass exits annealing zone of the lehr (causes decoration problems).

surfactant
a material used in small amount to modify the surface properties of liquids or solids. (Detergents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, dispersion agents, and foam inhibitors are all surfactant).

surprint
in photography an exposure from one negative superimposed upon a previous exposed image of a second negative.

swash
a capital letter with an ornamental flourish.

swatch
a small sample piece of material used for color matching or color measurement; also refer to as a color swatch.

swatch book
a booklet containing small samples of paper or ink color.

sweating
(1) condensed atmospheric moisture; (2) to excrete moisture through a porous surface.

sweep speed
the speed that the squeegee travels across the printing screen.

swivel stencil knife
a stencil knife that has a freely rotating blade or pin, used for cutting stencil film.

SWOP
acroynm for specification for web offset printing.

sym
abbreviation for symbol.

symbol
a pictorial object representing a function.

synchronize
to operate in unison; to cause to operate with exact coincidence in time or rate.

syneresis
the exudation of plasticizer from a plastic or polymer formulation.

synergy
a combination of chemicals that brings about some type of risk.

symmetry
the balance of design elements where one side equals another.

synthetic fabric
any fabric made from man-made fibers, strands, or threads.

synthetic paper
a non-cellulosic material that is made from plastic or other non petroleum based product.

synthetic resin
complex chemical resin produced through reactions of simple molecules; a man-made resin.

Back to Top